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What Is Qirát?
- Qirāʼah (قِرَاءَة) Literally means: Recitation or reading of something, plural: Qiraʼat (قِرَاءٰت)
- Qiraʼat also refers to the branch of Quranic sciences that deals with the modes of the Quran recitation.
- Qāri (قَارِئ) Literally means: Reciter or Reader, plural qāriʾūna(قَارِئُونَ), qurrā(قُرَّاء) ʾor qaraʾah (قَرَأَة)
- A Qāri is a person who recites the Quran with the proper method of recitation of the Holy Quran with melodious sound Whether he memorized the Qur’an or not.
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Qirat In The Light Of Hadith
Hazrat Ibn e Abbas (R.A) Narrated that the Holy Prophet (peace be upon Him) says:
“Jibreel (A. S) has recited to me the al Qurán in one harf, I recited the same back, then I requested Jibreel to increase in the number of harf, he read again increasing to seven ahruf and then stopped” ( 124 A. H)
“once Jibreel came and said to the prophet (peace be upon Him) Allah Subhanahu Watlla has ordered you to read the Qurán to your people in one harf. The Prophet replied: I ask Allah’s forgiveness and pardon! It will be difficult for people to read in one harf, Jibreel goes back and cam again. Now he said you can allow them to read in two ahruf. Then prophet (peace be upon Him) answered again: I ask Allah’s forgiveness and pardon! My ummah is still not able to read in two ahruf only. This happens again and forth time jibreel says: ‘Allah has allowed your ummah to read in 7 ahruf and whatever way they read, it will not consider wrong at all’”
The Categories Of Qirát
Actually, the types of Qirát are the famous methods in which the renowned authority chain holders recite the Holy Quran.
- Each one Qirát derives its name from the famous Rawi of the Holy Quran recitation, the one who narrated it with an authenticated and established chain.
- Each recognized school of Qira’at has its own set of Tajweed rules which may change the pronunciation method of the word entirely. it refers to the pronunciation of harakat or letters with very little difference.
- Basically, there are two types of Qirát:
- Mutwatir: Mutawatir refers to the transfer which contains independent chains of authorities so spread as to rule out the chances of mistakes on which the schools of the time consensuses.
These Qirat were selected by the celebrated Quranic scholar in the field of Qirat named Abu Bakr ibn Mujahid (d. 324 A.H) - Mashhur: Mashhur is a little wide in their transfer but still considered as highly wide to make error-free.
The Types Of The Mutawatir Qirat
The following seven types of Qirat fall under the Mutawatir category – a transmission with independent chains of authorities so extensive as to eliminate the possibility of any mistake and on which there is common consent.
Qirat Naafi’ Al-Madani (Madinah-169/785)
Qaloon and Warsh are the two main famous Qurra (reciters) who preserved this recitation manner of the Holy Quran.
Imam Malik (RA) and Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (RA) mostly recited the Holy Quran in this manner.
Qirat Ibn Khatir Al Makki: (Makkah-120/737)
Al-Buzzi and Qunbul are the two main famous Qurra who preserved this recitation manner of the Holy Quran.
Imam Shafi (RA) recited the Quran in this way.
Qirat Abu Amr Ibn Al Ala al-Basri (Basra-154/762)
Qirat Asim Al-Kufi (Kufa-127/744)
Hafs and Shuba are the two main popular Qurra who preserved this recitation manner of the Holy Quran.
Imam Abu Hanifa (RA) and Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (RA) often recited the Quran in this manner.
Qirat Hamzah al-Kufi (Kufa-156/772)
Khallad and Khalaf are the two main famous Qurra who preserved this recitation manner of the Holy Quran.
Khalaf who also has his own Qirat, i.e., Qirat Khalaf al-Bazzar.
Qirat Al-Kisaa’i (Kufa-189/904)
Why Choose “LEARN NOORANI QAIDA”?
Differences between Qiraʼat are slight and include varying rules regarding the prolongation, intonation, and pronunciation of words & letters that the different Arab tribes were used to, but also differences in stops, harakat (vowels), consonants (leading to different pronouns and verb forms), voices, different styles, and less frequently entire words.
To understand it easily we can take the example of British and American English. There is a difference of spellings and sounds between these two English accent.
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